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The present study lies in the mainstream of the paradigmatic semantics of language and deals with a semantic field structure. The urgency of the problem being studied is due to the fact that the field is a structural language organization that allows of studying the diverse aspects of lexical units. This paper briefly describes the main trends in the development of the theory of semantic fields in general and lexico-semantic and thematic groups in particular. The purpose of this work is structuring and analyzing the lexical and semantic field “Water” in English and Tatar, highlighting their common and specific structural and semantic features. The discrepancy in the semantics of equivalent words or the absence of any concepts in any culture being revealed by methods of continuous sampling and component analysis can be due to the natural features of the terrain, the living conditions and the way of life of the people.
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