Palabras clave
educational environment
culture
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Resumen
Since many years ago, many theories and approaches have been presented on how to interfere in the historical urban fabric and how to conserve them, each of which follows certain requirements and principles. Some of the existing perspectives and approaches are of particular importance since they put forward and discuss the main issues in urban development planning. The theory of "sustainable urban development" and the "passive defense" approach are among these perspectives.
Conservation of the historical urban fabrics or the fabrics that carry the cultural heritage of cities, in addition to creating a sense of identity and boosting national pride, also promotes the quality of life of citizens. Since observing both the "passive defense” requirements and the "sustainable urban development" principles are essential in conserving the old urban fabrics, it is necessary to study the principles governing these two approaches. In this process, we discovered that there are differences and contradictions between them. The present study mainly focuses on the study of two important concepts that influence the conservation of urban historical fabrics and comparatively compares the principles that govern them. The purpose of this research is to outline, and attempt to find a suitable solution for, the contradictions and conflicts between the passive defense requirements and the principles of sustainable urban development in the improvement model of the historical urban fabric. The research method is applied in terms of the aim and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of its method of execution. The data collection method involved library and field survey methods and the analyses were carried out using GIS software (ArcGIS) and the binary comparative analysis method. The historical fabric of the 12th district of Tehran, with a further emphasis on the historical element of ”˜museums”™, is the case study of this article, which has made it possible to achieve the results of the research. The results of the research show that in order to find the most suitable model of intervention in the historical fabric – i.e. "improvement" which brings about the least change in the valuable historical fabric - we should, while emphasizing compliance with the requirements of passive defense and the principles of sustainable urban development and determining the priorities for changing the land use, moderate and minimize any kind of paradox and conflict in the approaches.
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