Cómo citar
Resumen
Although, over the past half century knowledge bases on the climatic issues are expanding, there is little evidence of practical application of the results of climate studies in urban design, Of course, this can be attributed to the fact that the results of many studies on the impact of spatial parameters on the climate change are difficult and difficult to apply in the urban design. Because, many of these results are scientific and theoretical and cannot be applied in design operations. The city and climate are two man-made and natural systems that have a strong impact on each other. The climate as far as it relates to human comfort is the result of such factors as the sunlight, temperature and humidity winds and rainfall. The climate of each geographic location has special conditions which at the same time has some limitations in the urban design. The wind is a phenomenon that has been explored for many years in the meteorological arena. The meteorological information is important at all stages of wind energy conversion systems. Among the climatic factors, the wind flow has a very important role in shaping the city. The street orientation, height and density of buildings, the distribution of high buildings and ... are among the elements of urban design that affects the pattern of wind flow in urban spaces. This paper by descriptive-analytic method based on the principles of climate design and based on the information gathering by the library and field method and applying RayMan Heat Index, Wind Chill and Ecotect software for studying the climate comfort followed by Urban design is proportional to wind-flow in Tehran.
Citas
- Bentley Yin et al. (2003) "Responsive Environments" Translated by Mostafa Behzadfar ,Tehran, Iran University of Science and Technology, 1st Edition.
- Database of Meteorological Office of Qazvin province (2011).
Davis Lullin et al. (2005) "Urban Design Guide" translation by Reza Rezaei. Tehran. Civil Corporation of new cities. First Edition.
- Razjouian Ma(2007). "Comfort in the shelter of wind". Tehran Shahid Beheshti University .Second Edition.
- Ranjbar, Ehsan and Parojafar, Mohammad Reza and Khaliji, Keyvan (2010) "the creativities of climatic design adapted to the wind flow in the old context of Bushehr" .Journal of Bagh Nazar, No. 13, seventh year, spring, pp. 17-34.
Sheikh Biglou, Rana and Mohammadi ,Jamal (2010) "Analysis of Wind Climatic Elements and Rainfall with Emphasis on Urban Designing of Case Study of Isfahan City", Geography and Environmental Planning, Vol. 21, No. 3 ,Autumn, pp. 61-82.
- Alijani Bohlul (2002, "Synoptic Climatology", Samt Publication ,1st Edition, Tehran.
- Alijani, Bahlol and Kaviani, Mohammad Reza (1993) "The Basics of Weather", Samt Publication ,First Edition Tehran.
Famili,Dariush et al, (2011) "Geography of Qazvin province" Textbooks printing and publishing company of Iran., Second edition Tehran.
Qobadian,V. (2012) "Climate Study of Traditional Buildings of Iran" Tehran University Press. Seventh edition, Tehran.
Coch Nielsen, Helger (1398) " Architecture in harmony with the climate" translation by F. Soflaee , First Edition , the center for Urban and Architectural Studies and Research, Tehran.
- Mohammadi, H(2011). " Weather in arid regions ". Tehran University Press. First Edition Tehran.
Watson, Donald and Lobes, Kent(2011)."the climatic design", translation by Vahid Ghobadian and Mohammad Fatemeh Mahdavi, thirteenth edition, Tehran University .Tehran.
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (2009). "The 19th Chapter of the National Building Regulations of Iran". Office of National Building Regulations .Tehran.
Hashemi. F (1349), "Surveying the Winds of Ghazvin Plain". Meteorological Organization.
- Arif, Kamal. M, (2012), "AnOverview of Passive Cooling Techniques in Buildinds", Desing Concepts and Architectural Interventions, Civil Engineering & Architecture Vol.55,No.1,pp,84-97.
- Benetly I. et Al., (1985), "Responsive environment: A Manual for Designers", London: The Architectural Press.
- Biket, Asli P nar, (2006), "Architectural Design Based on Climatic Data", 1st International CIB Endorsed METU Postgraduate Conference, Built Environment & Information Technologies, Ankara, pp. 261-267.
- Brown, Robert D, (2010), "Design With Microclimate The Secret to Comfortable Outdoor Space", Island Press.
- Bulkeley Harriet and Betsill Michele M., (2003), "Cities and Climate Change", Routledge, London.
- Carmona et Al., (2010), "Public Places, Urban spaces (second edition)", Routledge.
- Davenport, A.G.,(1960), "Wind Load on Structures", Technical Paper. No, 88. National Research Council. Ottawa, Canada.
- Dobbelsteen A. van den et. Al., (2009), "Smart Building in a Changing Climate", Techne Press.
- Emmanuel, M. Rohinton ,(2005), "An Urban Approach to Climate Sensitive Design: Strategies for the Tropics", Taylor & Francis. London.
- Fathy, Hassan, (2000), "Architecture for the Foor: An Experiment in Rural Egypt", Published by University of Chicago Press.
- Givoni, Baruch, (1998), "Climate Considerations in Building and Urban design", Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York.
- IPENZ (Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand Incorporated), (2007), "Urban Design, Institution of Professional Engineers", New Zealand Incorporated, New Zealand.
- Pressman, Norman, (2000), "Climatic Factors in Urban Design", Arch. & Comport. /Arch. & Schav., Vol. 10, no 1, p. 5 – 7.
- Mtzarakis A. and et al ,(2006), "Modelling Radiation Fluxes in Simple and Complex Environments- Apllication of the RayMan Model", Biometeorol. Pp,323-334.
- Mtzarakis A. & Amelung B, (2008), "Physiological Equivalent Temperature as Indictor for Impacts of Climate Change on Thermal Comfort of Humans", Springer Science + Business Media B.V.PP, 161-172.